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The French term pure laine literally meaning ''pure wool'' (and often translated as ''true blue'' or ''dyed-in-the-wool'') refers to those whose ancestry is exclusively French-Canadian. Another similar term is de souche. (of the base of the tree, or root, ''old stock'' as in 'old stock Canadians').〔http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34554132〕 While most French-Canadians are able to trace their ancestry back to the original settlers of New France, a number are descended from mixed marriages between the French and Irish settlers. When these shared the same Roman Catholic faith, their unions were approved by the once-powerful Roman Catholic Church in Quebec. Another factor was the settlement of many English people in the region, many of whom were ultimately assimilated into the francophone culture. Recently, Quebec has also experienced the effects of a policy of immigration from French-speaking countries, which has changed Quebec's culture. ==Context== The genealogy of the ''pure laine'' — dating back to original settlers of New France in the seventeenth century — has been the subject of detailed research. Prior to 1663 the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal recruited women to come to Montreal, then known as ''Ville-Marie.'' Louis XIV— following the advice of Jean Talon, Intendant of New France— sponsored about 800 female immigrants the King's Daughters or ''les filles du Roi'' to increase the number of marriages and therefore the population of New France. The Sisters of Notre-Dame facilitated their settling in Ville-Marie. In his 1992 PhD dissertation Yves Landry listed 770 of the approximately 800 by name. From the seventeenth century into the twentieth century, French Canadians lived in relative geographic and linguistic isolation. Their "settlements, internal migrations, and natural population increase" were well-documented〔 with "3 million records covering the whole province of Quebec over four centuries."〔 By 2015 "extended pedigrees of up to 17 generations" were constructed from "a sample of present-day individuals."〔 In an article published in 2001 in the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, McGill University professor Charles R. Scriver, observed there is "important evidence of social transmission of demographic behavior that contributed to effective family size and population structure."〔 Founder populations, like the descendants of the early French immigrants, have an important role in the study of genetic diseases. With an unusually high prevalence of genetic disorders in the subpopulations of Quebec, they became the subject of human genetics research.〔 Clusters of hereditary disorders in eastern Quebec in the twentieth century were traced to immigrants from Perche, France who arrived in the seventeenth century. Catholic priest and historian Lionel Groulx, (1878 – 1967) was the key figure behind the rise of Quebec nationalism which stressed "territoriality and the use of the Quebec state" in the first half of the twentieth century. Jean Éthier-Blais claimed that among Quebec nationalist intellectuals the twentieth century was Groulx century — "le siècle de l'abbé Groulx."〔 Groulx's best-known novel ''L'Appel de la race,'' challenged the narrative surrounding French-English relationships in Quebec and revisited the history of Canada from a French Canadian perspective. In the 1920s following the publication of this novel, French Canadian nationalism "espoused the thought of Lionel Groulx", retained Catholicism and abandoned Henri Bourassa's pan-Canadian perspective. In 1998 Xavier Gélinas, then-Curator at the Canadian Museum of Civilization CMC), presented a talk at a conference on Quebec history in which he argued that even in the 1980s Groulxism remained as an important ideology among Quebecois.〔 Groulx's work is considered to be a contributing factor to the Quiet Revolution in 1960 even though the Quebec nationalism of the ''révolution tranquille'' was "a-religious and ethnically pluralistic."〔 Expressions such as 'Canadiens francais pure laine', 'Québecois pure laine' or 'revolution tranquille' became powerful evocative symbols charged with ideology and identity. Gélinas challenged the thesis of French Canadian historian Esther Delisle whom he described as ''pure laine''. Delisle's controversial PhD political science dissertation and the book entitled ''The Traitor and the Jew'' based on her thesis, argued that Groulx and the newspaper ''Le Devoir'' were antisemitic and supported fascism.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「pure laine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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